Ground-based investigations on phase-moving phenomenon with space sublimation cooling for lunar exploration missions

The lunar surface is a typical vacuum environment, and its harsh heat rejection conditions bring great challenges to the thermal control technology of the exploration mission. In addition to the radiator, the sublimator is recommended as one of the promising options for heat rejection. The sublimator makes use of water to freeze and sublimate in a porous medium, rejecting heat to the vacuum environment. The complex heat and mass transfer process involves many physical phenomena such as the freezing and sublimation phase change of water in the porous medium and the movement of the phase-change interface. In this paper, the visualized ground-based experimental approaches of space sublimation cooling were presented to reveal the moving law of three-phase point and the growth phenomenon of ice-peak and icicle in microchannels under vacuum conditions. The visualized experiments and results prove that the freezing ice is divided into the porous ice-peak and the transparent icicle. As the sublimation progresses, the phase-change interface moves downward steadily, the length of the ice-peak increases, but the icicle decreases. The visualized experiments of space sublimation cooling in the capillary have guiding significance to reveal the sublimation cooling mechanism of water in the sublimator for lunar exploration missions.     

Review on residual stress and its effects on manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural panels with typical multi-processes

In the aerospace industry, integrated aluminium alloy plates and stiffened panels with high accuracy and performance attract significant interest. To manufacture these panels as integrity with high accuracy, multiple processes need to be utilised, such as machining, welding and forming. During the whole manufacturing chain, residual stresses can be generated and redistributed in the components among different processes. The residual stress would significantly affect the shapes and properties of the final products. Currently, these great effects are not well considered in the design and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to draw a general understanding of the residual stress generated in the pre-manufacturing processes and its effects on subsequent manufacturing processes. The mechanisms and distributions of residual stresses generated in typical pre-manufacturing processes of structural panels, including machining, welding and additive manufacturing (AM), are firstly summarised. The detailed effects of generated residual stresses on distortion and application properties in subsequent manufacturing processes are then concluded. In addition, current methods developed for the investigation of residual stress effect in multi-processes manufacturing are critically reviewed, including experimental, analytical, finite element (FE) and machine learning methods. Furthermore, the future development trend of methods for residual stress consideration and control in the design of manufacturing processes is summarised, providing comprehensive guidance to achieve the high accurate manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural components.     

一种基于实测点云数据的壁板类零件修配加工路径计算方法

针对飞机壁板类零件采用修配法装配过程中需要精确获取修配加工路径的问题，提出一种基于实测点云数据的壁板类零件修配加工路径计算方法。首先设计一种基于法线差的特征点检测算法提取参考壁板的初始特征点。然后建立迭代收缩优化模型对初始特征点进行收缩优化，得到参考壁板的准确特征点。最后根据工装定位孔特征进行配准，将参考壁板的特征点映射到待修配壁板上，并将映射后的特征点按照一定顺序进行连接，得到待修配壁板的修配加工路径，按照修配路径进行加工，获得壁板装配配合边界。实验表明，该方法能够精确提取待修配壁板修配加工路径，并且经过加工验证，壁板试验件对缝间隙获得小于1.2 mm的实际效果。     

新型多层绝热材料组合包覆工艺及其绝热性能

在深空探测过程中,利用多层隔热材料是降低低温推进剂蒸发量的主要隔热方式。但多层绝热材料其结构较为复杂,加工、安装和使用条件都非常特殊,决定了其在深空探测应用中具有一定的难度。本文首先从工艺特性的角度,通过与常规包覆方法进行对比,对多层绝热材料在贮箱表面的组装工艺进行探究,采用尼龙搭扣带、胶钉枪开发了一套效能高、经济性好的新型固定方法,通过高真空测试平台对该多层绝热包覆工艺进行测试并分析其绝热效应的影响。结果表明:使用该包覆工艺成型的多层绝热组件当量热导率可以达到1. 1 mW/(m·K),且具有较小的漏热量,系统稳定性好。     

民用飞机翼身对接斜撑板结构分析

斜撑板结构可以充分发挥分散载荷和降低区域应力水平的作用。对不同机型的斜撑板结构的传力特性进行分析,总结斜撑板结构的设计要点。并以某机型选用斜撑板结构的设计为例,提出一种斜撑板结构的改进方案(斜撑板侧边和后梁框刚性连接、下边和对接带板充分连接),并与其他两种设计方案进行对比分析。结果表明:改进方案的斜撑板结构翼上区和舱上区的剪应力分别降低了19%和23%,后梁框的集中载荷降低了67%,结构效率更高、稳定性更好。     

气凝胶隔热材料制备及航天热防护应用研究进展北大核心CSCD

我国航天事业的不断发展对航天器热防护材料提出了更高的要求,气凝胶作为一种纳米网络多孔材料,因其纳米尺度效应,具有超级隔热性能,是近年来超级隔热材料研究的热点和前沿。本文以航天热防护应用为背景,综述了气凝胶隔热材料近十年来的研究进展,包括无机氧化物气凝胶、有机气凝胶、炭气凝胶、碳化物气凝胶隔热材料等,以及其制备方法、隔热性能和热防护应用现状,结合当前航天领域需求和气凝胶隔热材料研究的难点问题,提出气凝胶隔热材料的未来发展方向。     

EPDM绝热层用过氧化物和硫磺硫化体系可挥发逸出物研究

采用顶空气相色谱-质谱联用技术和热失重法研究了三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）绝热层常用的过氧化物硫化体系和硫磺硫化体系对可挥发逸出物种类和含量的影响。结果表明，过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）的主要逸出产物是苯丙烯、苯乙酮和2-苯基-2-丙醇；1，3-二（叔丁基过氧化异丙基）苯（BIPB）的主要逸出产物为丙酮、叔丁醇和1，3-二乙酰基苯；2，5-二甲基-2，5-叔丁基过氧己烷（DBPH）的主要逸出产物是丙酮、叔丁醇、2-甲基-2-甲氧基丙烷和2，5-二甲基-2，5-己二醇。不同过氧化物体系硫化特性分析表明，BIPB在与DCP硫化程度相当时用量最少。相较于DCP、DBPH体系，BIPB简单硫化体系在80 ℃预烘时逸出物含量最低。过氧化物硫化体系与硫磺硫化体系逸出物含量分析表明，硫磺/二硫化四甲基秋兰姆/2-巯基苯并噻唑（S/TMTD/M）全配方体系80 ℃预烘时的逸出物含量明显低于其他三种过氧化物体系，预烘100 h失重率较DCP体系降低31.50%。过氧化物与硫磺体系硫化机理的不同及硫化剂用量的差异是影响EPDM绝热层可挥发逸出物含量及种类的主要因素。     

国产高模碳纤维/环氧复合材料的太阳电池板热循环适应性研究

国产CCM40J-6K高模碳纤维基板的空间高低温热循环耐受性是决定其是否可以大规模应用于空间太阳电池板的关键因素，必须解决交变热环境下的面板与电池电路的匹配性和长寿命问题。本文以国产CCM40J-6K高模碳纤维/环氧复合材料的太阳电池板为研究对象，开展了热循环环境适应性试验研究，分别从国产和进口碳纤维基板适应高低温交变能力对比、国产碳纤维基板铺设电池电路后适应热环境能力以及电池板在轨寿命等3个方面进行测试试验。结果表明：国产碳纤维CCM40J-6K所构成的电池板综合性能与进口M40JB-6K相当，CCM40J-6K基板与三结砷化镓电池片匹配性良好，国产碳纤维电池板经疲劳热循环后的开路电压和短路电流的变化率分别为0.55%和0.24%，太阳电池片和玻璃盖片外观完好无损，太阳电池电路与基板聚酰亚胺面保持绝缘，且碳纤维表面无脱粘现象。说明国产碳纤维CCM40J-6K能够应用于太阳电池板研制。     

某机身壁板结构环向裂纹扩展分析与试验对比

对于机身加筋壁板结构,获取较为准确的应力强度因子是进行裂纹扩展分析的基础,其核心工作是计算结构的几何因子。本文结合T.Swift提出的机身加筋壁板结构几何因子计算方法,编制了相关分析工具,计算获得某机身壁板结构环向裂纹几何因子,将计算结果与采用有限元法计算获得的几何因子进行对比。最后,将几何因子输入Nasgro软件进行裂纹扩展寿命分析,与试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。该方法计算效率高,可节省大量计算时间,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

铝蜂窝夹层板热管区域平面度控制方法研究

主要研究蜂窝板热管区域局部平面度超差的原因及控制方法。经分析,蜂窝叠块的尺寸精度以及胶膜固化后的厚度不均匀性是导致超差的主要原因,通过提高工装均压板的厚度,利用胶膜厚度的自适应性弥补零部件尺寸累积偏差,提高平面度,并对新方法下产品剥离、剪切强度进行测试,结果表明,该工艺方法可以在不影响产品力学性能的前提下大幅改善产品热管区域平面度。